Before you put money into the markets, there are seven financial foundations worth having in place. Here's how to check where you stand — and what to do if there are gaps.

Most of us know we should be doing more with our money. We just don't know where to start — or frankly, how bad the situation really is. So here's a straightforward test. Seven questions, seven areas of your financial life that actually matter. No jargon, no judgment. Just an honest look at where you stand, and what's worth thinking about next.

We're fiercely independent at Boring Money. We haven't been paid to point you towards any products or providers here — this is purely about helping you figure out where to focus.

One important caveat before we begin: we're not regulated to give you personalised financial advice. This article is general information. If your situation is complex, a regulated adviser — someone who actually knows your full circumstances — will always be worth the investment.

Your quick-start checklist

Work through these questions in order. If the answer is yes, skip to that section. If no, move on to the next question.

1. Do you have expensive debt?

🌍👁️The reality check: 35 million Brits have a credit card, with an average household debt of £1,845.

Debt is a bit like fat — there's good debt and bad debt. Mortgages and student loans sit at one end of the spectrum: still manageable for most, even if mortgage rates have become genuinely painful in recent years. The killer is expensive debt: credit cards, store cards, and payday loans. These can carry interest rates of 20%, 30%, or even — in the case of payday loans — north of 1,000% per year.

Where do your peers stand? Credit card ownership varies significantly depending on your circumstances. Employed people are twice as likely to hold a credit card as those who are unemployed — 69% versus 35%. Age plays a notable role too: ownership peaks among 65 – 74 year olds at 78%, while just 29% of 18–24 year olds hold one. It’s not just a personal finance issue either — credit cards are the most common form of business finance in the UK, with 15% of SMEs reporting their use in 2024 [1]

ACTION

If you have credit card debt, one of the most effective moves you can make right now is looking for a 0% balance transfer deal. These let you shift existing debt onto a new card and pay no interest for a set period — often 12 to 24 months — which means more of your monthly payment actually clears the debt rather than feeding the interest. Check the transfer fee (usually 1–3%) and make sure you have a plan to clear the balance before the 0% window closes.

A budgeting app can also make a real difference here. Linking your accounts gives you a clear picture of where your money is going each month, makes it harder to ignore problem spending, and helps you work out how much you can realistically throw at the debt each month. MoneyHelper’s free budget planner is a good starting point, and apps like Emma or Money Dashboard connect directly to your bank accounts to track spending automatically.

2. Do you have three months' salary in cash?

🌍👁️The reality check: 15 million UK adults have a rainy day fund. Around 1 in 5 have more than £10,000 in cash savings.

Think of a cash buffer as a financial airbag. The roof leaks. The boiler breaks. Someone gets ill. These things happen, and without cash reserves, your hand gets forced — you might have to sell investments at the wrong moment, or reach for the credit card and start accumulating the bad kind of debt.

Three months' salary is the standard rule of thumb. It sounds like a lot, but it's the difference between a bad month and a financial crisis.

How do people compare? Of the 2,680 cash savers tracked in 2025, 1,582 are women (59%), and 1,098 are men (41%). Women make up a clear majority of cash savers — a useful reminder that building a savings buffer is something people across all demographics are actively working on [2].

ACTION

Once your buffer is in place, make sure it’s not sitting idle in a current account earning next to nothing. An easy access cash ISA is worth considering — your interest is sheltered from tax, and the best rates are competitive. We’ve done the legwork on current rates: see our guide to the best cash ISA rates at boringmoney.co.uk/learn/articles/best-cash-isa-rates

And if you haven't got there yet: treat building your cash buffer like a first-order priority. Before you think about investing, before you top up your pension, before almost anything else, it’s the financial equivalent of having a strong core.

Top tip: don’t waste your ISA allowance on your emergency cash pot. Your ISA allowance has valuable tax properties, but they’re more useful if investments are held within it. Your emergency fund should be readily accessible too, so no fixed term deposits.

Toby Barklem Chartered Financial Planner & Principal Minos Wealth Planning

3. Do you have life insurance?

🌍👁️The reality check: Only 13 million UK adults have a life insurance policy. That's 37 million who don't.

We are, famously, more likely to insure our pets than ourselves. And according to the FCA’s Financial Lives survey, just 28% of adults held a life insurance policy in 2024. That’s a striking figure for a product that can cost less than a streaming subscription [3].

It becomes urgent the moment your circumstances change: you get a mortgage, you have children, you have dependants of any kind. Ask yourself: if your income disappeared tomorrow, would the people who rely on you be okay?

Uptake varies significantly by age. Just 8–9% of people in their 20s have life insurance. By their 40s and 50s, that rises to around a third of men and just over a quarter of women. These are still surprisingly low numbers given what's at stake.

The cost can be lower than people expect. Cover of £100,000 for a healthy person in their 40s can start at around £10 – 15 per month, less than a streaming subscription.

ACTION

Many employers include a basic level of life insurance — typically three times annual salary — as part of the employment package. It's worth a quick call to HR to find out exactly what you're covered for. That might be enough, or it might give you a useful base to top up privately.

4. Have you written a will?

🌍👁️The reality check: 56% of UK adults don’t have a will — including 53% of those aged 50–64.

We know. It’s on the list. According to the Money and Pensions Service, 56% of UK adults don’t have a will — including over half of those aged 50 – 64, the very people who arguably need one most. The UK Wills & Probate Consumer Research Report 2025 found the main reason is simple inertia: 54% of non - will holders say they just haven’t got round to it. But the law has very particular — and often surprising — ideas about who gets your assets if you die without one. And ‘obvious’ isn’t always the same as ‘legally entitled’ [4].

If you're recently married, divorced, re-married, a new parent or step-parent, or have experienced any significant life change, your will needs to reflect your current situation. Old wills can cause as many problems as no will at all.

How does will ownership break down? Among men and women in their 20s and 30s, it's very low — just 4 – 6%. It rises to around 28 – 34% in the 40s and 50s, and reaches 64% for both men and women over 60.

ACTION

If you don't yet have a will, this genuinely doesn't need to be a big project. A basic will can be done online relatively quickly and cheaply. It's not the gold standard — a solicitor will do a more thorough job — but something is significantly better than nothing, especially if your circumstances have recently changed.

While you're thinking about it: make sure the nominated beneficiaries on any pensions you hold are up to date too. This often gets overlooked, but if you die before 75 your beneficiaries can receive pension savings tax-free — and it falls outside of inheritance tax calculations. A five-minute job with real consequences.

5. Are you paying into a workplace pension?

🌍👁️The reality check: 77% of non-retired UK adults have a pension — but only 8% have ever made a single change to how their money is invested.

Auto-enrolment has transformed pension participation in this country. Around 8 in 10 UK adults now report having a pension. But ‘enrolled’ and ‘engaged’ are very different things — and the data makes this gap uncomfortably clear.

The median workplace pension pot is £15,000. And 40% of workplace pension holders cannot even name their pension provider — a striking figure that captures just how disengaged most people are from money that is entirely their own.

Where you stand depends heavily on age. The median pot for 25 – 34 year olds is £7,500; for 45 – 54 year olds it rises to £35,000; and for those 55 and over, the median reaches £75,000. These are not large sums relative to a retirement that could last two or three decades, which is exactly why maximising contributions now matters.

Under auto-enrolment rules, employers must pay in a minimum of 3% of your pre-tax earnings, while you contribute 5% — making a combined minimum of 8%. But this is a floor, not a target. Many employers will match higher contributions, or pay in more if you do — and if yours does, not taking full advantage is effectively turning down a pay rise [5].

ACTION

The first thing to do is check what your employer will actually match. Many will go beyond 3% if you increase your own contributions — some up to 10%. Talk to HR or your line manager to find out your company’s policy. It’s usually far simpler to increase contributions into your existing plan than to go about setting up a separate SIPP.

ACTION

If your employer offers salary sacrifice, it’s worth understanding. This means giving up a portion of your salary in exchange for higher pension contributions — and because the money never hits your pay packet, you don’t pay Income Tax or National Insurance on it. For anyone on the cusp of a higher tax threshold, this can be a particularly efficient way to reduce your tax bill while boosting your pension at the same time.

ACTION

If you’re self-employed, you’re in a different position entirely — no employer contributions, and no automatic enrolment. This makes proactive pension saving even more important, not less.

6. Do you have a private pension?

🌍👁️The reality check: Only 14% of non-retired UK adults have a private pension or SIPP — despite the median pot being worth £35,000.

Private pension ownership has grown, but remains low: just 14% of non-retired adults hold one, up from 12% in 2022. Ownership is heavily skewed towards higher earners — those earning over £100,000 are 3.8 times more likely to have a private pension than the average adult — and 57% of holders are over 45.

The self-employed picture is more positive but still concerning: 32% of self-employed adults aged 25 and over now have a self-arranged pension, up from 26% in 2023. That’s genuine progress, but it still means roughly two in three self-employed people have no private pension provision at all.

Those who do have a private pension tend to be far more engaged with it. 89% checked their pension in the last 12 months, compared to 70% of those with workplace pensions only. And 29% made active investment changes, versus just 8% of workplace-only holders. Private pension holders are, by some distance, more in control of their retirement savings.

The median private pension balance is £35,000 — roughly double the median workplace pot. Private pensions hold nearly double the average assets compared to workplace pensions, reflecting the fact that people tend to open them later in their careers, often with more deliberate intent [5]

The tax relief argument for pensions remains compelling. For every £80 you put in, the government tops it up to £100 if you’re a basic rate taxpayer. Higher rate taxpayers can claim back a further £20 through their tax return, meaning £100 in their pension costs just £60. That’s not a rounding error — it’s a meaningful boost.

If you’re over 50 without a private pension, the most useful first step is getting a State Pension forecast and understanding what your workplace pension is likely to deliver. That gives you a baseline to work from.

ACTION

Many people have small pension pots scattered across old employers — a year here, a couple of years there. It’s worth tracking these down. They’re your money, and they may be sitting in poorly performing funds or attracting charges you’re not aware of. The government’s Pension Tracing Service is a free way to locate lost pots.

7. Do you have a stocks and shares ISA?

🌍👁️The reality check: 39% of UK adults hold a cash ISA — the highest level in six years. Just 17% have a stocks and shares ISA.

Source: Boring Money OIR Report, January 2025.

If you're saving with a five-year-plus horizon and you don't need to touch the money in the short term, the stock market deserves at least some consideration.

The numbers are striking. £1,000 invested in cash in Q3 2014 would be worth around £1,199 by the end of 2025 — a modest real-terms gain. The same £1,000 invested in the FTSE 100 would have grown to £2,294. Invested in a global index (MSCI World), it would be worth £3,806. That’s a meaningful difference — and a big part of why sitting entirely in cash can feel safe but quietly cost you.

Source: Boring Money analysis, Q3 2014–Q4 2025. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results.

The caveat is real, though: markets go down as well as up. In 2008, the stock market fell by around 30%. The following year it recovered around 28%. If you needed your money in 2008, that timing would have been painful. This is why the five-year minimum is so important. Investing is a long game.

ACTION

Most people who avoid the stock market think it's too risky. Returns aren't guaranteed, and things can get ugly. But if you look at any ten-year period since modern markets began, you'd have done better in shares than in cash around nine times out of ten. That's not a guarantee — it's a pattern. And it's why investing for the long term, with money you can genuinely afford to leave alone, makes sense for many people.

Whether you already have a stocks and shares ISA or are considering opening one, use our investment finder to sense-check the fees you’re paying — or to find the best fit for your circumstances.

Try it: Boring Money Investment Finder — boringmoney.co.uk/our-top-picks

If you already have a stocks and shares ISA but haven't looked at it in a while, it's worth a review. Markets move, your circumstances change, and a portfolio set up for a 30-year-old might not be right for a 45-year-old.

The annual ISA allowance is a generous £20,000 per year per adult. Any gains or income generated inside the wrapper are tax-free — which makes it one of the most straightforward tax-efficient savings vehicles available.

So — how did you do?

If you've ticked all seven boxes: genuinely well done. Most people haven't. The goal of this article isn't to make you feel bad about where you are — it's to help you work out what to tackle first.

A reasonable order of priority for most people looks something like this:

1. Pay off expensive debt first

2. Build a cash buffer of three months' salary

3. Make sure you're enrolled in your workplace pension and taking full advantage of employer contributions

4. Sort out life insurance if you have dependants

5. Write a will (and update it if life has changed)

6. Think about a private pension if you're self-employed or approaching your 40s

7. Consider a stocks and shares ISA for longer-term savings

This isn't a rigid rulebook — your circumstances matter. But it's a reasonable starting framework for the majority of people, and it reflects what most financial planners would recommend.

If you want to go further, a regulated financial adviser can take your full picture into account and give you genuinely personalised guidance. The government's Money Helper service (formerly Money Advice Service) is also a good free resource for general information.

All data from a YouGov survey of 2,000+ UK adults unless otherwise stated. Rates and figures are illustrative and subject to change.

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[1] UK Finance Credit Card Statistics; British Business Bank Business Finance Survey 2024

[2] Boring Money Online Investing Report

[3] FCA Financial Lives Survey 2024

[4] Money and Pensions Service (MaPS) 2025; UK Wills & Probate Consumer Research Report 2025.

[5] Boring Money Pension Report 2025